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Last year, out of necessity to figure out which tool to use, I posted a comparison of Tuxera and Paragon NTFS drivers on macOS Sierra. I just bought a shiny new too-expensive-and-questionably-fit-for-sale MacBook Pro 2018, and the question is newly prescient. Some things have changed – we’re on High Sierra looking to Mojave now, both drivers have new versions out, and this new machine now has not only USB 3.1 Gen2, but more generally, 160GBit/s I/O that could fully saturate virtually any storage device you could plug into it. That almost includes some hypothetical external RAMdisk. Part of my plan for this machine going forward is to start running space-intense tasks like VMs and my photo library from an external NVMe SSD that can actually utilize that silly bandwidth, and may itself be shared with Windows 10 machines, so here we are.
What’s the same?
Licensing (kind of). Paragon still charges $20 for their NTFS driver, licensed per-machine with no upgrades. Tuxera still charges $31 for thiers, on a per-user basis with free upgrades to new versions. Winner: Tuxera. Except, there are some extenuating circumstances at the moment: Tuxera’s currently on sale for $18, and Paragon has released a package suite of drivers which includes free upgrades, and is $50. These factors make things a little less straightforward, but still I feel sum up in Tuxera’s favor. (UPDATE: Originally, I thought the package suite was on SALE for $50, but I think that’s actually the normal price and $100 is what you’d pay if you bought each alone. That makes Paragon a pretty darn good deal.)
What’s different?
Features and interface. Paragon has developed significantly since last year. It has some pretty looking tools and interfaces, although I don’t think they change much in a practical sense. It now comes with a pretty menu item which shows your drives and offers quick access repair/mounting/etc. If you don’t find that useful, you can turn it off.
Tuxera is pretty much unchanged.
The UI differences are sort of neither here nor there, although for my money, change is good. Minor point to Paragon for making an obvious effort to keep pace with Mojave.
Performance comparison
Long story short: Paragon pretty much smokes Tuxera. For spinning disks, the performance comparison is mostly unchanged – they’re both about the same, and performance varies ±10MB/s on the benchmark anyway depending on the direction of the wind. But the SSD performance delta has expanded from about 40% better for Paragon to more like 75% better for Paragon. Caveat emptor: this is moving from a 2.5GBit/s ExpressCard bottleneck on my old machine to the SSD’s internal flash bottleneck on the new one, but still – Paragon couldn’t quite saturate the ExpressCard on my old test, and now can just about saturate the SSD. These numbers are about what I get running a benchmark on a Windows machine with USB 3.0. Tuxera also improved over the old benchmark, as you can see, but not by nearly enough to even maintain that performance delta. Paragon is a clear and commanding winner here.
Disk | Driver | Connection | 2017 Read (MB/s) | 2017 Write (MB/s) | 2018 Read (MB/s) | 2018 Write (MB/s) | Winner? |
Internal SSD | (APFS) | NVMe | 2696.2 | 2646 | |||
SSD | Paragon | USB3 | 187.3 | 167.2 | 428 | 422 | Paragon (75%) |
SSD | Tuxera | USB3 | 133.1 | 119 | w/ caching: 242 w/o: 225 | w/ caching: 233 w/o: 105 | pretty reproduceable |
HDD | Paragon | USB3 | 106.8 | 104.9 | 90 | 92 | Tie |
HDD | Tuxera | USB3 | 104.7 | 103.6 | w/ caching: 97 w/o: 103 | w/ caching: 102 w/o: 80 | Both pretty variable. |
A note about caching
One thing I’m unclear on is how Paragon handles file system caching vs Tuxera. Tuxera offers the option to turn it off, at a performance penalty (that the benchmarks clearly show). Paragon offers no such option, so it’s unclear to me if the driver is doing caching or not. On Windows, I have write caching turned off by default for external devices since it improves FS resilience in sudden-disconnect scenarios, which can be tough to avoid especially with portables. This doesn’t seem to have a huge impact on performance, where it certainly does here. Oddly, Tuxera seems to be impacted even on read by having caching disabled, which I wouldn’t have expected to be noticeable in these tests.
Conclusion
Now that I’m much more performance-conscious in my driver choice, I’m much more inclined to switch to Paragon. For now, I’m going to run the trial and decide how I feel at the end of that. It seems likely I’ll buy the package deal for $50 with future upgrades, even though I don’t really need the other drivers. Plus, I already have a Tuxera license to cover other machines where I’m less performance-conscious.
Developer(s) | Tuxera Inc. |
---|---|
Stable release | |
Written in | C |
Operating system | Unix-like, Haiku |
Type | |
License | Dual-licensed GNU GPL/Proprietary[citation needed] |
Website | www.tuxera.com/community/open-source-ntfs-3g/ |
NTFS-3G is an open-sourcecross-platform implementation of the Microsoft WindowsNTFS file system with read-write support. NTFS-3G often uses the FUSEfile system interface, so it can run unmodified on many different operating systems. It is runnable on Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenSolaris, illumos, BeOS, QNX, WinCE, Nucleus, VxWorks, Haiku,[1]MorphOS, Minix, macOS[2] and OpenBSD.[3][4] It is licensed under the GNU General Public License. It is a partial fork of ntfsprogs and is under active maintenance and development.
NTFS-3G was introduced by one of the senior Linux NTFS developers, Szabolcs Szakacsits, in July 2006. The first stable version was released on 2007-02-21 as version 1.0. The developers of NTFS-3G later formed a company, Tuxera Inc., to further develop the code. NTFS-3G is now the free 'community edition',[1][failed verification] while Tuxera NTFS is the proprietary version.
Features[edit]
NTFS-3G supports all operations for writing files: files of any size can be created, modified, renamed, moved, or deleted on NTFS partitions. Transparent compression is supported, as well as system-level encryption.[5] Support to modify access control lists and permissions is available.[6] NTFS partitions are mounted using the Filesystem in Userspace (FUSE) interface. NTFS-3G supports hard links, symbolic links, and junctions. With the help of NTFS reparse point plugins, it can be made to read chunk-deduplicated files, system-compressed files, and OneDrive files.[7] NTFS-3G provides complete support and translation of NTFS access control list (ACL) to POSIX ACL permissions. A 'usermap' utility is included to record the mapping from UIDs to Windows NT SIDs.
NTFS-3G supports partial NTFS journaling, so if an unexpected computer failure leaves the file system in an inconsistent state, the volume can be repaired. As of 2009, a volume having an unclean journal file is recovered and mounted by default. The ‘norecover’ mount option can be used to disable this behavior.[8]
Performance[edit]
Benchmarks show that the driver's performance via FUSE is comparable to that of other filesystems' drivers in-kernel,[9] provided that the CPU is powerful enough. On embedded or old systems, the high processor usage can severely limit performance. Tuxera sells optimized versions of the driver that claims to have improved CPU utilization for embedded systems and MacOS.[10]
The slowness of NTFS-3G (and FUSE in general) on embedded systems is attributed to the frequent context switching associated with FUSE calls. Some open-source methods provided to reduce this overhead include:[11]
- The underlying FUSE layer has an option called
big_writes
to use larger blocks when writing. Using a larger block means fewer context switches. This is in fact a solution recommended by Tuxera.[12] A patch is available to use an even larger block.[13] - There is also a Linux kernel option called
lazytime
to reduce the writes on file access. - Synology Inc. uses a modified NTFS-3G on their NAS systems. It replaces the ntfs-3g inode caching
CACHE_NIDATA_SIZE
with a different mechanism with unsure benefit. (It also includes an alternative Security Identifier translation for the NAS.)
History[edit]
- NTFS-3G forked from the Linux-NTFS project on October 31, 2006.
- On February 21, 2007, Szabolcs Szakacsits announced 'the release of the first open source, freely available, stable read/write NTFS driver, NTFS-3G 1.0.'
- On October 5, 2009, NTFS-3G for Mac was brought under the auspices of Tuxera Ltd. and a proprietary version called Tuxera NTFS for Mac was made available.[14]
- On April 12, 2011, it was announced that Ntfsprogs project was merged with NTFS-3G.[15]
- NTFS-3g added TRIM support in version 2015.3.14.
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ abc'STABLE Version 2017.3.23 (March 28, 2017)'. Tuxera. Tuxera. 2017-03-23. Retrieved 2017-03-23.
- ^NTFS-3G for Mac OS X ('Catacombae')
- ^'OpenBSD adds fuse(4) support for adding file systems in userland'. OpenBSD Journal. 2013-11-08. Retrieved 2013-11-08.
- ^'ntfs_3g-2014.2.15 – FUSE NTFS driver with read/write support'. OpenBSD ports. 2014-01-05. Retrieved 2015-02-14.
- ^NTFS-3G FAQ
- ^NTFS-3G: NTFS Driver with Ownership and permissions
- ^André, Jean-Pierre (March 1, 2019). 'NTFS-3G: Junction Points, Symbolic Links and Reparse Points'. jp-andre.pagesperso-orange.fr.
- ^'NTFS-3G 2009.2.1 changelog'. Archived from the original on 2009-03-23. Retrieved 2012-09-10.
- ^Comparing NTFS-3G to ZFS-FUSE for FUSE Performance
- ^Performance at Tuxera
- ^Gothe, Markus. 'On Linux NTFS Performance'. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
- ^'NTFS-3G Questions'. Tuxera.
Workaround: using the mount option “big_writes” generally reduces the CPU usage, provided the software requesting the writes supports big blocks.
- ^Wang, M. 'linux - Disadvantages of ntfs-3g `big_writes` mount option'. Unix & Linux Stack Exchange. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
- ^NTFS-3G for Mac OS X is now Tuxera NTFS for Mac
- ^Release: NTFS-3G + NTFSPROGS 2011.4.12